"I am made from the dust of the stars..."
From Rush, "Presto"
All of the elements of the universe have been formed by stars - including you! Describe how stars have created the different elements. Your response should include what is happening inside a star at important phases of its life, why this happens, and how this creates elements.
Please include each of the following vocabulary in bold letters: protons, hydrogen, nuclei, helium, carbon, iron, heavy elements, fusion, gravity, main sequence star, red giant, supernova
All of the elements of the universe have been formed by stars - including you! Describe how stars have created the different elements. Your response should include what is happening inside a star at important phases of its life, why this happens, and how this creates elements.
Please include each of the following vocabulary in bold letters: protons, hydrogen, nuclei, helium, carbon, iron, heavy elements, fusion, gravity, main sequence star, red giant, supernova
Gravity causes fusion of two hydrogen's nuclei to make one helium, also two helium's nuclei to make one carbon. In a main sequence star or red giant there can only be up to carbon. When there are heavy elements the star (if big enough) will explode into a supernova, which is how we get the rest of the periodic table.
ReplyDeleteGrade- 6/10
DeleteWhy you got that grade- Because you didn't really explain how nuclei join together into a larger nucleus, how elements change because the number of protons, how a red giant heats up and gets bigger, and how red giants fuse through iron.
what you did well- You did a really good job at simply explaining the process, how two nuclei come together to make one helium, how hydrogen forms into helium, how gravity wins, and how heavy elements are made.
Stars have very important stages in their lives and create the elements through these different stages. So the first elements that are made are hydrogen and helium. they are the most simple elements so that is why they were created first. All elements are made of the nuclei of an atom when they are grouped together. The first elements came together during the red giant stage of a star. When a star is created, there is a constant battle between fusion and gravity. Although during the main sequence star stage, fusion starts to win over gravity making a red giant. The path the star takes on after being a red giant depends on whether fusion or gravity won. When a star is a very massive star and gravity wins, then the other heavy elements are created. This included iron, carbon, iron etc. During a supernova, gravity wins so much and the force is so powerful that the star turns into a black hole. these are the most important stages of a stars life. Including what elements were created and where.
ReplyDelete7.5/10
Deletenot just if gravity or fusion wins, but that gravity causes fusion.
you did not mention that the number of protons change.
you didn't say that fusion won.
you did really good a explaining everything.
one thing you could work on is getting all the facts in there.
The star life cycle starts out with the nebula. The nebula is cloud of gas and dust. The nebula starts to contract and the material is condensing which creates the proto-star. The proto-star is hot and starting to glow. The atoms are moving very fast but it is NOT a star yet. Once nuclear fusion begins it turns into a main sequence star. The main sequence star is where stars spend most of their time. This is when the start is at a stable state and the forces within the outside of the star are balanced. (Fusion and gravity) This is also where hydrogen and helium are formed. It doubles the nuclei to continue making the other elements. It can usually go all the way up to carbon at this state. Fusion eventually begins to win over gravity creating a Red giant. This is when the energy production increases from fusion of heavy elements. After the red giant there are many paths it can take. If the star is a low to average mass star it creates a white dwarf. The white dwarf is the core of the red giant which is still hot but is starting to cool down. You can get up to iron in a red giant. The fusion is beginning to stop at this time. Then once the white dwarf dies it becomes a black dwarf which is a dead star. If the red giant is a massive star it will create a nova which is a large explosion. After the nova it will form into a neutron star which is when the star has a dense core and there are no space between particles. An interesting fact is 1 tsp weighs a billion tons! The neutron star is where neutrons are created. If the red giant is a very massive start it will have a very large explosion called a supernova. The remains of the super nova go towards the black hole. Black holes have a huge gravitational pull. They have such a strong gravitational pull not even light can escape.
ReplyDeleteyour score is 7/10!!! I loved how you described the different stages of a star and what happens during that stage. although, you did not mention a few of the key details. Some of these were how the elements were created (nucleus joining) and how the black hole is created. The star actually just gets heavy and then transforms into a black hole. Overall, I think you did great and I loved the fun facts you added and how it flowed nicely. But next time I would add some more details to it. :-)
DeleteStars have created everything in the universe because everything is made from elements. It all starts when a star is a nebula, just a cloud of hydrogen and helium. From there, gravity pulls the hydrogen atoms together and the gas/dust begin to collapse. The material in the middle of the nebula begins to heat up in order to form a protostar. A protostar is the stage of a stars life that is the longest. The collapsing gas and dust begin to get really hot, about 15 billion degrees celsius. Nuclear fusion begins to occur-the protons begin to collide and create heavier elements. From the proto star, gravity starts to create more fusion into a main sequence star. Clusters of these stars from from nebula. These stars are the ones we see in the night sky, they are stable for millions of years for us to see and enjoy. After the star is a main sequence star, fusion begins to win over gravity to create the elements up to carbon. When a star becomes a red giant the core begins to contract. The outer shell of the star begins to cool, exploding and glowing red. With a red giant, you have lots of different stars with different masses like novas and supernovas. A After the “novas” you get every other heavy element after carbon.
ReplyDelete7/10
DeleteThis was a really good essay but it was missing just a few points. You get the heavy elements after the supernova not both of the novas. In the end you mentioned carbon but you didn't explain how you get to carbon. Also it turns hydrogen into helium but I'm sure that's what you meant. You also forgot to mention fusion through iron. Other than that it was perfect. Good Job!
thanks Abbey, I really didn't know what to include and I do now beause of your feedback!
DeleteAll elements are formed by stars, and stars have a very specific life cycle to follow in order to make these. It starts as a nebula, which is a giant cloud of dust and gas, mostly made up from hydrogen. Here, gravity causes material to condense, hence creating the protostar. Here, it is a hot, glowing ball of rapidly moving atoms. Then, gravity causes fusion, which is where protons and neutrons push together so hard, they become nuclei, or new elements with more than one proton, so elements besides hydrogen. Fusion occurs for the protostar to become a stable, lit up main sequence star. After this, fusion returns, and begins to create bigger, heavy elements all the way up to carbon. When helium is created from these fusions, the star’s fuel level decreases, and the hydrogen in the star expands further. Then it cools down and glows red, and fusion begins to win over gravity, which makes it into a red giant. If the star doesn’t have enough gravity to fuse past carbon, it becomes a white dwarf and eventually a black dwarf. But if it does have enough gravity, the star becomes a nova or a supernova. It does this because gravity will have so much power, it will win by fusing iron. Fusion stops after iron is formed, and the iron isn’t strong enough to support the outer layers of the star, so it explodes into a supernova. As novas and supernovas are formed, we get all the elements passed lead. So overall, stars’ intricate life cycle is how we get all the elements in the universe: everything up to carbon from fusion in the red giant, and everything passed lead from supernovas.
ReplyDelete5/10- this is so hard grading you because you really described the cycle but you didn't include all the things on the board, Mrs. Marron was very specific and I think you got the basics but not the specifics.
DeleteI TAKE THAT ALL BACK! I DIDNT SEE THE FIRST 3 SENTENCES OF YOUR PARAGRAPH: YOUR NEW SCORE IS...
Delete7/10- Im so sorry! I didnt scroll all the way up :) sorry about that
Stars created elements starting with Hydrogen forming into helium when to hydrogen atoms fused together and formed into one new element called helium. This process happened over and over and when bigger stars occurred it created bigger elements like Iron. Human life is mostly made of Carbon. Elements aren't the only thing that get bigger and bigger when they a jolt. Stars over time grow and go through different stages which causes bigger elements. A nebula stars the stars life and goes from that to Main sequence stars which they stay in for most of their life, to Red Giants. After a Red Giants collapses it can end up being a supernova, a white dwarf or a nova depending on it's mass. Stars have so much gravity because of how big they are that they are the only thing that can take to nuclei and combine them to make an element and bigger elements. The bigger the star, the more gravity, the higher element created.
ReplyDelete7/10
DeleteThe points you missed were mostly for explanations. One you missed was for not mentioning that the number of protons changes during fusion, which changes the elements. Also, you could explain a little more about how the red giant expands and heats up. You also didn't explain how the supernova collapses and explodes afterwards. But good job overall!! You did well on mentioning everything that happens in the life cycle and in the right order.
How the stars created the different elements is when all of the stars go through the star life cycle. First is the star starts out as a nebula. A nebula is when Hydrogen is made into a big cloud. Than after that a contraction of gravity and the nebula is turned into a protostar. After the protostar is made gravity causes fusion. Than the main sequence star is born. Than fusion starts to win and all the elements up to carbon are formed. Witch makes a red giant. A red giant is helium and nuclear fusion. After the star goes through two more stages, the nova is formed. After every nova even a supernova ,is formed all heavy elements from iron and beyond are formed.
ReplyDelete4/10 I get that you understand concepts of how a star is made. You didn't really tell how the stars steps make elements and which star fases give which elements. You also didn't tell specific things like how the nuclei became larger and how things were formed you just said "this was formed" not how. I tbh would have given you a higher grade but I know Ms. Marron grades supperrr specific and hard so I just graded like she would... hope i helped more though
DeleteThe very beginning of a star begins with the Nebula, which is a cloud of hydrogen and helium. Then gravity brings all of the nebula together, it compacts it and makes it very dense, which creates a proto-star. Nuclear fusion begins, and it starts combining hydrogen with other hydrogen, the protons add up in the nuclei creating helium. Helium does the same thing as the hydrogen did, it uses fusion to create beryllium, and so on. All the fusion creates a main sequence star. The star continues to make heavy elements until it creates carbon, which is the greatest element that a star can create making a red giant. Iron is the greatest element that the world’s gravity can create before having the star collapse, creating a supernova. A supernova is an explosion so great that is momentarily outshines the whole galaxy. After the supernova, gravity is still going, which then creates a black hole.
ReplyDeleteAll elements of the universe are formed by stars and I am one of those many creations that have been formed by stars. Many elements come from the stars and it is an odd process that happens to obtain these elements.
ReplyDeleteAll stars start off as a nebula, which is a giant cloud of gas, dust, hydrogen and helium. Gravity condenses/holds these particles together. Hydrogen and Helium are the first elements created, the most abundant and the simplest elements. As the nebula starts to contract, the materials start to condense even more and the center of the nebula starts to heat up, turning into a proto-star. The proto-star starts to grow and then nuclear fusion begins. Nuclear fusion is nuclear reactions taking place within the nucleus of an atom and fusing together to make more energy. While this is all happening, gravity is continually pushing. When nuclear fusion starts it turns into a main sequence star, it is created by the billions of individual fusion reactions that release energy and some energy flows outward from the core as light. As the fusion continues to happen, it starts to over power gravity creating a red giant, which is what our Sun is now. As the star creates helium through nuclear fusion, its supply of “fuel” begins to dwindle and the core starts to contract, expand and cool. From the process of a red giant, a star has the ability to turn into a supernova depending on its mass.
5/10
DeleteYou really didn't say that gravity pushes so hard together to create fusion.
Explain a little bit more on how fusion creates one new nucleus.
You did not explain how new elements are created, you just said fusion happened.
You did not explain that carbon is the last element that can be created.
You did not say anything about fusion through iron.
You really did not say anything of an explosion from gravity winning.
You did not say anything about heavy elements fusing during supernova.
When a star is created there are many different steps in the cycle that it goes through. The star starts out as a nebula where it is a giant cloud of space dust and in the center is very hot. From the transformation from a nebula to a proto-star the gravity causes the nebula to contract. The protostar is where the dust the is contracting gets so hot that its 15 billion degrees Celsius. During the transformation from protostar to main sequence star nuclear fusion happens. When the star is in its main sequence star, which our sun is in, it burns for 5 billion years while fusion and gravity are battling each other. When the star is going into the red giant cycle the fusion starts to win. Red giants make the first elements, helium and hydrogen, and makes a shell around the star to make the star glow red. There are three stages that the star can go through. when the star goes through a average mass star there isn’t enough carbon and makes a white dwarf star. The white dwarf star is where the matter collapses.
ReplyDelete8/10 Though you did not finish all the way, you were thorough about your ideas and the information was mostly correct. My score was given because you didn't fully finish all of your points. Also I believe you didn't really answer the question "why" all of these processes happened. But I enjoyed your details and points. Those were really strong. The only thing I believe needs work is sentence structure and getting to the point, but overall great job. (:
DeleteStars have created elements and heavy elements because the high pressure in their cores and during a star’s explosion, like hydrogen and helium can be traced back to the big bang. Gravity plays a large role, for example, when a supernova occurs every element past iron is released. The elements are stored in the nuclei. Like a star explodes it releases the elements into space. Stars begin as a nebula which using gravity produces a protostar, which nuclear fusion begin creates a main sequence star. When fusion starts to win over gravity, a red giant is produced.
ReplyDeleteso far your response is great! I also didn't finish but I believe that you are on the right track. So far with just this I would give you a 5/10 because you haven't finished it. You have mentioned all the rights steps in order but i would explain more about the steps. I believe that your strongest point is where you talked about the iron. You have explained the fusion and the gravity well and when you get to the point where it talks about the heavy elements I would tell more about them.
Delete7/10 Your sentences somewhat make sense and the information somewhat makes sense. I believe you should elaborate more on the processes and why these processes happen. Give correct examples and more thorough responses. It is not detailed enough and you really do not answer the question why and how. Also you did not finish all the way so I cannot give you points on those. But I did like your work. Great job, keep up the good work. (:
DeleteA star starts out as a cloud of dust. Gravity pulls the hydrogen atoms together and the gas and dust begin to collapse. The collapsing dust's temperature begins to rise, and reaches 15 billion C. Nuclear fusion occurs and causes elements to be created. Protons and neutrons are being added to create new elements. This leads to the main sequence star, where different fusion reactions release energy, causing the flow of light. Leading to the red giant. The core begins to contract and the outershell of the star, begins to expand. When there is not enough gravity to push pass carbon, the temperature of the core reaches 20 billion C. This causes the helium nuclei to form a carbon nuclei. This creates a white dwarf. After a white dwarf, a start can take another stage called a nova. This is when gravity wins to form iron. A nuclear explosion on a white dwarf causes a sudden brightening of a star, you get every other element pass iron. These are all the heavy elements. Then in a supernova Carbon atoms begin to form oxygen, nitrogen, and iron. The fusion stops and an explosion occurs.
ReplyDeleteStars have created all the different elements. All of this starts in the nuclei which is in the process of making a protostar. Hydrogen and helium atoms help to make nuclear fusions with some help from gravity by colliding and creating heavier elements. Because of all these fusions the reaction is energy, which flows out from the star which is now a main sequence star. The fusion has begun to beat gravity and carbon is made. After a while the star begins to run low on fuel and the outer shell expands and cools down which is why the star turns red and is called a red giant. As gravity begins to beat fusion the temperature in the core of the star begins to increase and the carbon atoms begin to form oxygen, nitrogen, iron and all the other elements past iron. The core is basically iron and cannot support weight which causes a powerful explosion known as a supernova.
ReplyDelete9/10
DeleteYou missed the nuclei question. You said the nuclei is the step to making a protostar. But u did very well explain
The different phases in the formation of stars determine the element that is made. Stars are the only thing that have enough power to smash two completely different nuclei into one. The first step in the formation of a star begins in the nebula which is a hydrogen and helium gas bubble. This nebua turns into a prostar due to gravity. When the prostar transforms into the main sequence star gravity causes nuclear fusion to begin. This fusion starts to take over gravity therefore the main sequence star turns into a red giant. This is how all elements up to carbon are formed. The low average mass star are formed because there is not enough gravity to fuse past carbon. These stars include the white dwarf and black dwarf. When a massive star is formed gravity wins and there is enough of it to form all elements up to iron. These stars include the nova and neutron star. The heavy elements are formed due to the explosion of the supernova.
ReplyDelete7.5/10
DeleteThe reason you missed some points was because you forgot to mention some steps. You seem to understand what is happening and at what stage the star is at. You should have had something in answer that had to do with the changing of elements because of the number of protons and other things.
The ending of the answer was really good and stated everything that was needed to meet the requirements.
Stars have created the different elements because it starts as a nebula. The nebula is a cloud of gas and dust. Gravity causes a protostar to connect. It is not a star yet, but it is hot, glowing, and atoms are moving rapidly. Gravity then causes fusion to begin and creates a main sequence star. This stage a star goes through is the one they are in for most of their life. Fusion starts to win over gravity and creates a red giant. The outer shell of a red giant is hydrogen and begins to cool, expand, and glow red. There are then three paths the star can take. One is a low to average mass star. It starts out as a white dwarf because there is not enough gravity. This is the core of a red giant. It is hot, but is cooling off and the fusion is stopping. When there is no more fusion, it loses all heat and creates a dead star (black dwarf). Another path it can take is a massive star. This one starts as a nova because gravity wins enough to form iron. It is basically a large explosion. Then, there is so much gravity that it pushes protons and electrons together to make neutrons and creates a neutron star with a dense core and no space between particles. The last path it could go through is a very massive star. Gravity wins and fuses iron and creates a supernova. Then, gravity wins so much that it rips open a part of the universe and sucks everything in, creating a black hole. Clearly, all of these steps to a star create many types of elements because
ReplyDelete9/10
DeleteYou did a great job explaining the life cycle and you also made it easier to understand. I really liked how you described what was happening in each step and gave some examples. The only thing you forgot to mention was the main sequence star continues up through carbon. Overall, I thought it was really good!
Gravity and fusion are two elements that contribute to the life cycle of a star. They work together to make new elements such as hydrogen and helium. Hydrogen is an atom with 1 proton. Gravity pulls particles of stars together, which collides with other atoms and makes new elements. Helium is a new atom because now the element has 2 protons in the nuclei. Nuclear fusion begins to create a main sequence star. Then, fusion starts to win over gravity and gets elements all the way up to carbon and creates a red giant. They can create lead. Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. In a supernova, red giants and iron try to collide, and it collapses into many particles. Other elements are created with these particles.
ReplyDelete3/10. You did really well at explaining the star cycle. But, you needed to include things about the nuclei joining into a larger nucleus, and more details with the main sequence star and the red giant. I thought you did a very good job of explaining it but you just needed to include the things she wanted us to.
DeleteI give your response a seven out of ten because you used all terms, but the way you used them were irrelevant and there was no order like in the process she taught us. You were very clear in the way that protrons channge the element. It just lacked detail but good job.
DeleteStars have created different and heavy elements by starting with the nebula. The nebula is a giant cloud of gas and space dust. After that, gravity causes it to condense. Then the protostar is hot glowing and atoms are moving rapidly. The main sequence star is next. It makes 2 hydrogen stick together and fusion starts to win over gravity. The Red Giant’s core begins to contract and the outer shell of the start begins to to expand, cool, and glow red. The White Dwarf is a helium nuclei in the core fuse to form carbon nuclei. Here, there isn't enough gravity to fuse past carbon. In the Nova gravity wins enough to form iron. The supernova is a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of an explosion. As a nova is formed you get iron, after the explosion, you get every element past iron. In the Black Hole light can’t escape, nothing can escape. In this stage gravity win and rip apart the earth.
ReplyDeleteI gave you a 8/10
DeleteYou missed a few key ideas
You did amazingly on explaining main sequence to red giant to supernova
Make sure to reread and add details if needed
but besides that, great job
Stars created the different elements when their carbon atoms and their heavy elements go through fusion and create an explosion that is close to a supernova explosion. This happens in the nuclei of an atom to create the different elements like helium, hydrogen, and iron to create the amount of gravity that is needed for a specific type of planet.
ReplyDeleteExplained main sequence star to red giant to supernova- 1 point
DeleteKind of explain fusion- 1/2 point
Nuclei joins a larger nucleus- 1 point
Don't explain changing elements b/c protons change- 0 points
Explain main sequence star- 1 point
Don't explain carbon- 1 point
Don't talk about red giant- 0 points
talk about fusion through iron- 1 point
Talk about gravity- 1 point
Kind of talk about heavy elements- 1/2 points
Strongest point- fusion creating an explosion
Stars have created different elements through different processes. Helium and hydrogen were the first two elements to be created and they are also the lightest elements. These elements were said to have been created during the Big Bang. The temperatures in the early universe got very hot and fusion reactions occurred creating helium and hydrogen. If there is a large enough star, it will eventually explode into a supernova. After the explosion heavier elements, or the rest of the periodic table, is created.
ReplyDeleteIn the beginning all of this starts in a nebula. As gravity pulls against the flow. It pulls together big clouds of gas together to create a ball of gas that then starts to heat up till it is hot enough to be considered a Protostar by this stage the Protostar is now heating up hotter and hotter and starts nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is when the atoms in the nuclei crash together to create more complex & heavier elements. This starts the Main Sequence of the star the longest part of the star's life span.
ReplyDelete1/10
Deletedidn't have red giant to supernova
gravity starts fusion, not heat
didn't name any of the elements
hydrogen and helium?
up through carbon?
red giant heats up?
fusion through iron?
gravity wins?
fused during supernova?
I liked the beginning with the nebula.
I think that you may need to lengthen it in order to fit everything.
Every star begins as a Nebula. When gravity causes it to condense it becomes a proto-star. After that gravity causes fusion the proto-star turns into a main sequence star. Between these two stages in the nuclei hydrogen and helium are formed. Then fusion finally begins to win a red giant is formed and creates all of the elements up to carbon. After this stage there are three things that could happen to the star. It could become a white dwarf, a nova or a supernova. Sometimes when the stars are turned into a white dwarf because there is not enough gravity to fuse past carbon. If this happens the white dwarf will eventually turn into a black dwarf. When gravity wins and fuses iron it turns into a nova or supernova. If the star turns into a nova or a supernova all of the heavy elements or elements past iron are formed. Then the nova’s will turn into either a neutron star or black star depending on its size.
ReplyDeleteStars start out as nothing. When a star starts the first stages of its life all it is is a cloud of dust and Hydrogen and Helium gas. These are the simplest of all elements that start out as a cluster of Protons Neutrons and electrons that are pushed together by the force of Gravity. Gravity is so strong that it pushes the protons and neutrons together to form the nuclei and determining what kind of element will be formed. This first stage, the nebula, is pushed together by gravity forcing into to become more and more compact. When the atoms and particles collide the fuse together forming more and heavier elements this is called, Fusion. Once fusions begins the star heats up and becomes a main sequence star. This stage is where most of the fusion happens combining lighter elements like Hydrogen into more complex elements like Carbon. Fusion is only hot enough and only has enough energy to fuse basic elements once the star is built of mostly carbon the star can now longer fuse atoms so it cools down and expands becoming a Red Giant. In these stars fusion keeps fusing until it gets to iron. After the stage of the red giant is complete the star can take one of three paths, only two of which create heavy elements. They happen to stars that have a large mass or a massive mass. Iron is to heavy so when Gravity wins the stars explodes in a supernova creating all the heavy elements.
ReplyDeleteAll elements and matter have been formed by stars. Stars start off as a cloud of hydrogen, and as gravity pulls in the the cloud of hydrogen it starts to heat up and get denser. As all this hydrogen is getting pushed together, the hydrogen atoms smash into each other and form the helium atom. Since there is one hydrogen atom smashing it to the other, the protons and electrons that they have smash together form neutrons. The new combination of protons and electrons causes a new creation of a new element. The gravity causes fusion in the gas cloud and eventually forms the main sequence star. In main sequence stars, they can build elements up to carbon. As the star fusses going in and out, atoms smash into each other and the protons and neutrons combine and form new elements.
ReplyDeleteDidn't finish!! :/
6/10. (missing everything from red giant to supernova.)
DeleteI think that you are on the right track! Just make sure that you don't forget the last few steps. I really liked how you explained what fusion is and why it becomes a new atom. However, the last sentence is repetitive and confusing. I think that if you had more time that this could be a strong answer.
A star starts out as a cloud of gas, a Nebula. Gravity forces nuclear fusion in a Protostar which leads to a Main Sequence Star where billions of indivdual fusion reactions release energy that flow outwards as light. Fusion starts to win over gravity and you start to get elements upto Carbon which leads to a red giant the stars core contracts and hydrogen beings to cool, the star begins to expand and glow red. When there is not enough gravity to push past carbon the tempurature reaches 20 billion C, this causes helium and nuclei the form a Carbon Nuclei. The red giant star can then turn into a low to average mass star, a MASSive star, or a very MASSive star. A low to average mass star does nothing more than a red giant in the sense of creating elements. A MASSive star continues from a red giant where gravity starts to win enough to form iron which leads to a Nova where nuclear explosions occur. Gravity compresses neutrons into protons to form a Neutron Star. A red giant can also turn into a VERY MASSive star if gravity wins enough to fuse iron. If gravity wins this leads to a Supernova where all the elements past iron come into play from stellar explosions. These are all heavy elements . Thats how elements are created.
ReplyDelete10/10 you really got all of the subjects in there and you explained everything really well! One thing you could do for future essay questions is have it flow a little better cause it is a little choppy. but other than that you really went over everything you needed too!
DeleteThe stars have created different elements because when the Big Bang happened, Helium and Hydrogen were formed along with Lithium and Beryllium. When the gasses and dust cooled down, stars were formed and then galaxies were made. There is constant changing with fusion and gravity when a star is being created. Gravity makes fusion of the hydrogens nuclei, which makes 2 helium carbon. We are literally dust ashes. When the stars started coming together and heating up, becoming denser. As a star ages, it runs out of hydrogen atoms and starts using helium atoms to create heavier elements. As this happens, the star keep creating heavier elements until it reaches to iron.
ReplyDelete~ The stars have created different elements because when the Big Bang happened, all these little elements were created. Such as, Helium and Hydrogen along with Lithium and Beryllium. All elements come from stars, if it is diamond or iron or carbon. They all come from the same place. The Main Sequence Star is a stable state, meaning forces within and outside of the star is balanced. Clouds of dust would start to appear and that was introducing the formation or contraction, caused by gravity. After the protostar fusion was being pushed together by gravity and it was beginning to be really HOT HOT HOT!!!! The cause of the heat, was gravity. After the MAin Sequence Star came the Red Giant. The expansion was crazy at the time....the gravitational pull was causing fusion carbon. A star created neutron through nuclear fusion. A Supernova was a huge explosion that exposed iron to space. When all of the elements came together they made a galaxy called the Milky Way, and that is how all the elements were created.
ReplyDelete7.5/10
DeleteI figured that the next stage of the star was the next because of order in the paragraph, not because it was stated how or why it happened.
Its kind of all over the place, everything should be connected.
What is a super nova? How does that happen?
I appreciate the way you got a lot of information into the paragraph.
In a nebula somewhere, a star is born. This star is very important, as it becomes earth in the future. How, you may ask. Well, it starts as a protostar, which is just a huge ball of very hot gasses, namely hydrogen. Eventually enough collects in one spot and the gravity is so immense, it forces two hydrogen atoms together, creating helium. Thus, the main phase of a stars life begins. A star’s entire life is a constant battle between gravity, and the fusion that takes place in the core. Eventually, the star runs out of hydrogen to fuse together, so it starts creating beryllium atoms by forcing two helium atoms together, and so on and so forth until it reaches carbon. Then the red giant phase of a stars life commences. It manages to form every element up to iron, where fusion stops. The star collapses. If it’s a particularly large star, it will implode, forcing the iron together creating other heavier elements. Then newton’s laws come into effect, and there is a reaction for that action, and the star explodes releasing the elements into space, where they condense into the earth, and eventually human beings and even you.
ReplyDelete8.5/10
DeleteYou missed points on how the # of protons changed and you missed .5 because you didn't explain enough of what fusion is.
You did a great job on it but just add how the # of protons change and explain more on fusion and you are good.
You strongest pat would be the 7-9th sentences.
As stars are formed elements are created from gravity fusion. 2 hydrogen combine to create a helium. Then in a The protostar turns into a main sequence star. After the main sequence star comes a red giant. The red giant then creates elements from hydrogen-Iron. The only way to get the heavy elements is in a nova or supernova. Out of these you also get neutrons. You start with a nebula which creates stars. Then it turns into a protostar as gravity makes it hotter. Then it turns into a main sequence star. All of this is happening because gravity is pulling everything together and heat is expanding. Last you have a Red Giant which is a way bigger star than ours. Then if you have a low-average star it turns to a white dwarf (glowing diamond). If you have a Massive star you get a nova then a neutron star. If it is a very Masssive star then you get a supernova and a black hole.
ReplyDelete4/10~ I think you did a really good job explaining the life cycle of a star, but you didn't go into very great detail about when and how the different elements were created, or how gravity and fusion affects it. So, I would just go into more detail about how the elements were created, and not focusing on solely the life cycle of a star.
DeleteStars start out in a cloud of gas known as a nebula. Within the nebula, gravity forces fusion to take place, creating a protostar, which is basically just a contracting mass of gas. Next, from the billions of fusion reactions that are taking place within this protostar comes light, leading to the formation of a Main Sequence Star, which is how the star spends most of its life. Eventually, as the star begins to heat up, fusion starts to win over gravity, creating elements up to carbon, and causes the star to expand outwards, and once there is no more gravity to cause fusion the temperature rockets up to around 20 billion degrees C, which causes the nuclei and helium to form a Carbon Nuclei. From here, depending on the stars mass three things can happen. A small star will turn into a white dwarf, then a black dwarf, but more importantly MASSive stars and very MASSive stars will turn Nova or Supernova, respectively. In stars large enough to go supernova there is such immense amounts of gravity and heat that the star can push more elements and atoms together to get the heavier elements, such as iron and beyond, by collapsing in on themselves and causing large explosions. Finally, after Nova’s and Supernova’s come black holes, in which the gravity is so great that not even light can escape, which is the final stage in a stars life cycle.
ReplyDeleteScore: 8/10
DeleteYou missed points on this because you didn't include anything about Red Giants
Overall it was a detailed paragraph but it missed a key step.
Your strongest point was how gravity causes fusion.
The first four elements were made when the Big Bang occurred. They are Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium and Beryllium. A star’s life starts in the nebula where it is just a cloud of Hydrogen. The next step in life is where a star becomes a protostar. During this phase the star is very hot and unstable. When a star is a main sequence star it becomes stable and it creates all elements through carbon by the process of fusion. Fusion is where atoms are made by being pressed together by gravity. Gravity is pushing together protons and neutrons to create atoms. The larger the element the more gravity is needed to create an atom. The next phase in a stars life is that of a Red Giant. During this stage the star doesn’t create any new elements. After this stage a star can go in three directions. The first is that of a low to average mass star where it becomes a white dwarf and later it turns into a black dwarf. If the star is a massive star it will be a nova where the star explodes and their it has enough gravity to create elements through Iron. The other step it can take is if it is a very massive star it turns into a supernova. During this explosion it has enough energy to create all of the heavy elements. After it’s supernova stage it gains a great gravitational pull and becomes a black hole. Anything that gets sucks into a black hole can’t escape. Not even light. Next time someone asks where does everything come from, you can tell them stars because that is where everything in the Universe has came from.
ReplyDelete10/10
DeleteYou included everything that was important in terms of how stars create elements. You could probably work a little bit on your organization, but other than that it was a very good response.
After the first protons and neutrons in the universe were created, these protons and neutrons began to come together to create matter and gas. Some of this matter and gas became nebuli. A nebulus is a large cloud of matter and gases with a strong gravitational force. This gravitational force is extremely strong and has the capability to force atoms so close together that they combine. Stars begin with only helium and hydrogen, the two simplest elements, which fuse together to create more complex elements with more protons. For example, in the beginning of a star’s life cycle it might fuse two Helium atoms with 2 protons together to create beryllium with 4 protons. In turn, two beryllium atoms might come together to create Oxygen with 8 protons. This process continues until fusion in the star creates iron. At this stage of the stars life cycle, the star cannot fuse any longer and the star must become a supernova in order for it to create any element past iron. In the case of a super nova, a star implodes with such a strong that atoms are forced to come together to create elements farther than iron, and the energy created by this fusion is so strong that the star explodes.
ReplyDeleteScore- 8/10
DeleteYou missed points on- explaining fusion (you didn't use the word 'fusion' in your definition for it). In the explanation of red giant to supernova, iron is even in its nuclear energy and cancels out its force, with no energy to counter act the iron the star collapses due to gravity.
Overall advice- explain why some elements are the maximum for a stage of a star
strongest part- explaining nebulas
A star starts out as a nebula. A cloud of hydrogen and helium. The nebula will slowly be pulled together by gravity. After the nebula is close enough together to form heat, it becomes a proto star. Gravity is still working to pull all this matter together, it is so strong that atoms will be squeezed into other atoms, creating new ones. this is called fusion. When a protostar has enough gravity to start fusion, it becomes a main star. A main star can turn all the helium and hydrogen from its nebula and protostar phases and turn it into heavier elements. This is how we get element through carbon. Two helium atoms in a main sequence star can fuse together to form a beryllium atom, and so on. The nuclear energy given off keeps the star evenly pushing the force of gravity, so the star doesn’t collapse on itself. When the main sequence star starts producing carbon in its nuclei, the nuclear energy from fusion is greater then the pull of gravity. So the star starts to swell and grow larger. Most of the Heilium and hydrogen atoms have fused into other atoms giving the star a red glow. This phase is called the red giant phase, the fusion from this star can fuse atoms all the way to iron. It gathers size and energy from the nuclear fusion going on at its nuclei. Iron has an even amount of energy, so when a star starts fusing iron, it loses its nuclear energy. The star starts to collapse in on itself from the pull of gravity. this is called a supernova. the fusion and energy is so great from this explosion that it fuses all the heavy elements. This is how we get all of the elements.
ReplyDelete1) score: 10/10
Delete3) The response has all the point on the board in it so it seems like you really understand the question.
4)The strongest point of the response was when you talked about how the star begins it's transition to a supernova.
The process of making all elements took billions of years and unimaginable amounts of energy, but when it comes down to it, we are able to see that all our elements come from stars. This may seem unrealistic considering that most stars are hundreds of thousands of light years away from us, but in reality, everything on our planet, including humans, were made from stars. It all started with the big bang, which was the super fast inflation of compressed energy that is what we now know as our universe. The first major thing to happen was the creation of protons and electrons which eventually fused together to make atoms. The first elements or atoms to be made were hydrogen and helium, which are the building blocks of a star. A star begins when gravity pulls hydrogen atoms together to form a giant cloud of hydrogen; the core of this cloud is very hot in the center and eventually the gravity is so strong that is creates the fusion of hydrogen and helium. This is called a main sequence star. Eventually this star turns into what is called a “red giant”. This is a huge star and as fusion starts to push outwards, overpowering the gravity that pushes inwards, it begins the fusion of heavier elements, all the way through carbon. When the star begins to grow in size it turns into massive stars such as a nova or supernova, when a star gets to these sizes it can produce elements through iron.
ReplyDeleteA star starts as a nebula, and creates all the different kind of element throughout its life cycle. It starts as a nebula which is a cloud of dust and gas. Then gravity causes a protostar, which is not quite a star yet, to form. A protostar’s atoms are moving very rapidly causing it to be very hot. Also it has a lot of gravity which causes fusion to start and create a main sequence star. In this phase hydrogen starts to fuse and creates helium. Most stars spend most of their life as a main sequence star because it has a balance of gravity and fusion, when that balance goes away and fusion starts to win over gravity it becomes a red giant. From there it has 3 paths it can take depending on its mass. A low to average mass star will become a white dwarf because gravity is no longer strong enough to cause fusion. A white dwarf is a very dense, white hot object. Over time it becomes a black dwarf, stops emitting light and that is the end of the stars life. If it is a MASSive star (giant star) it will become a nova, which is a nuclear explosion. It becomes this because it has enough gravity for fusion.. From there it becomes a neutron star. If it is a VERY MASSive star it explodes, otherwise known as a super nova. This explosion makes all heavy elements. The most massive stars become a black hole because they become consumed by their own gravity.
ReplyDeleteScore - 5.5/10
DeleteYou did a good job of explaining the life cycle of a star but you didn't really explain how the elements were formed. You didn't give a definition of fusion but you did mention it a few times throughout your writing. You got the main sequence hydrogen into helium part but you missed the part where it continues up through carbon and how the red giant fusses elements through iron. If this was a question on the life cycle of a stay then you would have gotten a 10/10 but it was more about elements.
All elements are formed by stars. Those stars undergo fusion which is a battle between heat and gravity. If heat wins this battle, then the star reaches extreme temperatures and explodes. When the star explodes it release electrons and quarks which later form protons and neutrons. Protons combine together when gravity is extremely strong. The first element to be created was hydrogen as it has 1 proton. The one hydrogen proton’s nuclei later combined with another proton which created helium, a 2 proton element. Stars up to the Main Sequence Star can only produce elements up to carbon. To get heavier elements, they must be bigger stars. Like to get elements up to iron, the star must be a Red Giant. All elements past iron must be created from a supernova which is a giant star with a huge amount of mass that explodes due to it’s fusion stopping.
ReplyDelete7/10
DeleteYou had a lot of good points, however some specific details were missing. You did not have how the nuclei combine to make one large nuclei. You also missed how hydrogen is fused into helium in a main sequence star.
You could elaborate more on the processes that the specific stars go through to create the elements.
You did a really good job on explaining how the heat makes the star larger which gives it more gravity
Elements are created through the life cycle of a star. Stars have two opposing forces, gravity and heat. The heat wants the star to expand, but the gravity of the star wants the star to condense, causing fusion in the core of the star. A star begins as a big cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. The great force of gravity pulls this gas and dust to form a main sequence star. The main sequence star’s gravity is made up mostly of hydrogen. The gravity of the main sequence star pull the nuclei of two hydrogens or more forming new elements. Main sequence stars only have enough gravity to make elements through Carbon. Red giants have the gravity to form heavier element, through iron. Red giants have more mass than main sequence stars, giving it the ability to create heavier elements. The gravity of a star will eventually beat out the heat of the star making it either a nova or a supernova. Novas and supernovas have the most amount of gravity, allowing it to create elements heavier than iron.
ReplyDelete10/10
DeleteGreat Job, you covered everything and then some more.
Was strongest on Red Giants and their abilities to create heavy elements.
A Protostar begins from a cloud of Hydrogen and turns it into Helium once gravity takes effect on the star and the star starts undergoing Fusion, making the star a Main Sequence Star. Gravity then increases as the star becomes more dense and the Nuclei of the atoms fuse up until Carbon and the Heavy Elements. Then the star swells up into a Red Giant and continues fusion as normal up until Iron where Gravity isn’t strong enough to fuse the Iron into something heavier anymore.
ReplyDeleteThe star then begins to die, losing the battle of life as the remaining fuel is formed into Iron. The star then implodes on itself, then explodes into a Supernova (assuming it’s the right size) spewing even heavier elements into the universe, such as Gold, Uranium, and Silver.
7\10
Deleteyou missed that gravity gets so strong that fusion happens carbon continues through main sequence all heavy elements fuse during supernova
All elements started from the big bang when protons and neutrons came together to make nuclei these made hydrogen and 2 hydrogen made helium. During the first nebula hydrogen was being fused together by gravity to make other elements. After the star has been formed it is known as a main sequence star. During this stage the hydrogen and helium are getting fused together by gravity. This process has created carbon and iron and other heavy elements. When heavy elements are made the gravity starts to lose the battle to fusion and the star starts to grow and it becomes a red giant. After millions and billions of years the star loses all of its gravity and it explodes and becomes a supernova.
ReplyDelete9/10 Good job explaining the sequence of events. Maybe talk more about what the certain stars are and whats happening. The stars don't actually loose all their gravity
DeleteHydrogen has an atomic mass and an atomic number of 1, which means that this element along with Helium which has an atomic mass of 4 and an atomic number of 2 were one of the first elements to form. Stars created these elements by coming together by gravity and releasing small amounts of protons and neutrons, which connected to each other as Hydrogen and Helium. Next comes Carbon which has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. This element and other heavy elements such as iron with an atomic mass of 26 and an atomic number of 55 were able to be created when there was more friction and therefore a larger amount of energy. Heavy elements didn’t form until many many years after the big bang. The pull of gravity is so strong that it causes all the atoms and their nuclei to run into each other and collide/combine. Gravity condenses the gases of a nebula until a photo star is formed. All stars begin in a nebula, which is a giant cloud of gas and space dust. Gravity pulls friction together and releases energy A supernova suddenly increases greatly in brightness due to an explosion and these stars contain neutron stars at their center. a main sequence star is formed of clusters from the nebular. This happens when billions of individual fusion reactions release energy , some flows out from the core as light. Main sequence stars are most of the stars we see at night. Red giants are stars that occur when the fuel begins to dwindle and the core contracts while the outer shell of the star which is usually contained of Hydrogen atoms begins to expand and cool, and glow red hence the name Red Giant.
ReplyDelete9/10
DeleteYou missed one little detail about how fusion= nuclei actually joining into a large nucleus. This is small but an important. Overall you did a great job because you gave numbers, you added great details about what you are talking about. You best part that caught my eye was the way you used numbers. So great job.
Stars have created most if not all the elements on the periodic table. Like iron, helium, and hydrogen. Even Carbon. This has happened because the fusion in stars. In side of the stars gravity and heat are going at each other like a battle. To see which one can withstand the pressure. When you have more gravity the star starts to get smaller and smaller. But when you have more heat than the star starts to expand. A main sequence star happens when gravity is so strong it fusses two element together. This is the first stage on getting heavier elements because when two little elements fuse together then that is now one bigger element. The when two big elements fuse together than you have an even bigger element. Like when two hydrogens fuse together it makes Helium. So to get from a main sequence star to a Red giant, the star start to fuse the bigger elements together. This creates a new element and a much bigger star. But when that big star has too much gravity, then it starts to collapse on itself. This could lead you with a Supernova or a black hole. When a star become a supernova all of the heavy elements come from that. Everything up to iron. Only up to iron because there is not enough heat and gravity to create fusion. So all of the elements come from fusion and from the explosions from a star. This is how stars have created different elements.
ReplyDeleteMain sequence to red giant to supernova= 1pt.
DeleteGravity causes fusion= 1pt.
Smaller nuclei form fuse together to make a larger nucleus= 1pt.
Elements change cause of # of protons=1pt.
Hydrogen into helium happens in a main sequence=1pt.
Main sequence creates all through carbon=0pt.
More fusion=1pt
red giant through iron=0pt
Gravity wins=1pt
Supernova creates heavy elements=1pt.
During the Big Bang through the mass amounts of pressure and heat Hydrogen and Helium were formed and collected into clouds of gas and space dust called Nebulae, Through gravity this cloud of gas and dust formed into a Protostar. In a Protostar through a Main sequence star gravity is so strong it fuses the atoms together forming new elements all the way to carbon.
ReplyDelete1). 4/10-
Delete2)you are missing anything saying that a star goes from red giant to a super nova, anything that says elements change because the number to protons change, that a star can only go through carbon, anything about a red giant, anything about fusion through iron, stars collapsing and heavy elements being created by a super nova
3) more detail on the whole process.
4) the introduction to process and explaining the big bang theory was very good
Every element has come from the fusion of a star. Elements being created is a complex process with many different steps. Stars first start in a nebula, it compresses with gravity and becomes a protostar. As the star comes together more it starts to fuse elements. Helium and hydrogen were the most common elements at the time because they are the simplest elements. The gravity in a star is so strong that the elements in the star come together. The gravity in stars are so strong that each atom’s nuclei are smashed together, they combine and become a new element. This steps repeats itself over and over combing more complex elements. A normal main sequence star only has enough strength to combine elements up to carbon. When the star runs out of power to continue fusion the star turns into a red giant. When this step happens the star is able to fuse heavier elements. Even though a red giant can fuse heavier elements it only has the power to fuse up to carbon. A bigger star after its done with its life cycle it can become a super nova, this has the power to fuse every other element. This is how elements are formed, it is a very complex process that is very hard to understand.
ReplyDeleteScore: 6/10 - simply because i don't think we had enough time to finish and you couldn't complete your paragraph! it looked like you were off to a good start though!
Delete- main sequence to red giant to supernova (1/1)
- gravity pushes so hard. . . (1/1)
- fusion = nuclei actually joining into a larger nucleus (1/1)
- changes elements b/c # of protons changes (0/1)
- hydrogen to helium (0/1)
- continues up through carbon (1/1)
- more fusion -> red giant (1/1)
- fusion through iron (0/1)
- gravity wins, collapses and expands (0/1)
- all heavy elements are fused during a super nova (1/1)
In the Big Bang, a star first starts as a nebula, which is made by hydrogen and helium combining with gravity. It’s just a big cloud of dust. All of those materials condense to form a proto-star, where the star begins to glow. The gravity is so strong from there and it uses nuclear fision, that fuses the two elements together. That creates the main sequence star, “the sun”, where billions of individual fusion reactions release energy that flows outwards to light. From there, the fusion and the gravity combine and they add up to all things carbon, creating the Red Giant. At the red giant, a star creates helium through nuclear fusion, fuel begins to dwindle, hydrogen begins to expand and cool, causing it to glow red and the star increases in size. When there is not enough gravity to push through carbon, it creates Carbon Nuclei. From the Red Giant, a star can go one of three ways. One being the Low to average mass star, which doesn’t do much after the red giant. The second being the MASSive star,
ReplyDeleteYou did very good. You know the information and can put it into words well. You got a ten out of ten . You know the information completely. Well done. I like how you made it flow very well.
DeleteEvery element and all the matter in the world is made from stars. Stars start out as a nebula cloud. Than the gravity which is very strong, makes everything condense. It is now a proton star. Now gravity is having a greater effect and is now a main sequence star. While that happened two elements were formed. Those two elements are hydrogen and helium. Fusion is now inning out as a red giant is formed. This creates many elements, all the way up to carbon! From this point on there are three things that could happen. First it could transform into a white dwarf. This happens because there is not enough gravity. Also a nova can form. This is formed when there is just enough gravity. Supernovas can be formed when there is too much gravity. From here they can either transform into a neutron star of a black star. That depends on its size.
ReplyDelete6/10. Overall this is a great base line summary but one thing you could add would be more detail. Such as the nucli combining or the number of protons. You also forgot some key terms. Overall I would just add more detail. It was a very good summary covering the base of what you need to know and providing the key terms not a bunch of useless facts. Great Job!
DeleteIn our galaxy billions upon billions of years ago our universe was created from a big bang. Matter and the contents of our Universe went everywhere and things started being created. A long time after the big bang stars started being created. To begin the life cycle of stars tons of mini hydrogen and helium atoms come together and from a cloud space dust called a nebula. The gravity at the center of the nebula eventually intensifies and pulls the free standing nebula closer and it becomes more dense. This new formation is called a protostar. In a protostar things start becoming slightly less free and atoms start crashing into each other due to the intense gravity pressure and the star begins to heat up. After a while the gravity intensifies even further and becomes so strong it fuses more elements and creates the star which most stars stay as for their most lives, a main sequence star.
ReplyDelete9/10, Your answer was very good!!! it flew very well and was easy to read. Although it was easy it also explained the life of a star. Maybe go into more delete about each material, but other then that it was great!!!
DeleteWhen most people think of stars, they think of glowing balls of light in the night sky. But stars are so much more the that. Everything ever made came from a star, all of your clothes even your skin. It all starts with nothing but gravity, gravity is literally the force that allowed everything to live. This force brings hydrogen together, magnifying and making gravity more prevalent. As the Gravity grows more and more hydrogen is added onto each other. As the more hydrogen is added the pressure from the gravity makes it hot, extremely hot. This heat is powerful enough to fuse the hydrogen into helium. At this stage we call it a main sequence star. This star is where the majority of its life will be spent, converting helium into hydrogen. As this part of its life goes one the star will begin to run out of hydrogen to fuse into helium making it grow exponentially. When its hydrogen fuel runs out, helium will be fused into beryllium. At this sequence the star will begin to burn hotter and faster than it did before. Gravity is still fusing helium into carbon and making heat and light. After this sequence the star will now have to take on of three paths. It can simply burn down to a white dwarf, which is a hot, white, dense clump of matter that no longer can undergo fusion, this star will eventually turn to a black dwarf which is a cold dead star. The next option is a nova, which is a massive explosion that occurs when the star collapses in on itself and produces some of the heavier materials in the universe such as carbon, or iron. The gravity before the collapse literally fuses the materials together so well it can produce the material for weights, iron.
ReplyDelete1.) 10/10
Delete2.) Nothing
3.) I think you did a really good job on this
4.) Everything was good. I think you did the best on explaining whats going.
Stars go through different phases in their life. And in those phases they have created different elements. The first elements that are created are Hydrogen and Helium. Those are formed in the main sequence star. Then the nuclei is doubled and causes other elements to form. It can normally form the elements up to carbon. Then fusion starts to over power gravity and a red giant is formed.
ReplyDeleteScore 9/10
DeleteDidn't see red giant to super nova.
This is okay just needed to explain more.
I liked how you explained a little more about how elements are made.
Score=5.5 Points
DeleteMissed: Did not go to parts after beginning of Red Giant, Did not talk about gravity much.
Advice: Be thorough with your timeline, it will benefit you as well as your teacher.
Your strongest part was talking about Hydrogen and Helium.
So to start we need to make the star which is created with the Nebula which is a cloud of gas and dust that forms together with the help from Gravity. This moves all the cloud of dust and gas together and makes them into a ball that is moving rapidly, which will give us a Proto-star. The Proto-star is not a star yet only a glowing light really. Then nuclear fusion begins to make its way to make a Main Sequence star. The Main Sequence Star is the same star we have warming the earth. This will make energy production increase from fusion of heavy elements over time. That will give you a Red Giant. Now the way elements are formed, a Low to average mass star will die out faster than any other star. This will give us a White Dwarf which means it’s hot but is dieing out, then it will become a dead star.
ReplyDeleteGrade 3/10:
DeleteWhat you missed:You missed many points because you didn't bring up many of the points of fusion and any of the phases past red giant
Overall advice: I would add more information on the fusion and the phases after the red giant.
Strongest point:That you went into detail about every thing about the phases.
I would agree because I didn't have enough time to finish.
DeleteStars have many different phases in their lives, and each phase brings different elements. Stars make new elements by having two atoms using nuclear fusion. The most simplest element made at the beginning was Hydrogen made from 1 protons and then also Helium from 2 protons. These are the simplest elements on the periodic table. These elements are made in nebulas and protostars. This is possible when gravity is strong enough to push them together. Then the star spends most of its life as a main sequence star where it fuses to make more elements and expands. Then neutrons were formed when a nova/super nova explodes forming many other elements.
ReplyDeleteScore 3.5/10
DeleteYou missed points on a majority of the points because you didn’t add them to your essay. (I’m guessing you weren’t done). Some of these points include talking about red giants and fusion through iron, you got half credit on one question because you had talked about how the star collapses and explodes but you hadn’t said that it is because gravity won. Overall advice would be that you did a good job explaining the steps, I would advise you to name all the steps, and why it happens. The strongest part of the trial essay question was that you did a good job describing what happens through each life cycle step. Good Job!
There are many important phases to a star in its lifecycle. The first stage is a nebula, inside the nebula gravity pulls hydrogen atoms together. The gas and dust begin to collapse the materials in the center of the nebula heats up and forming the next stage, a protostar. This happens because of the contraction the materials will compress together and become more dense, this is because gravity causes traction and energy. The next stage is a protostar, the collapsing gas gets hotter, and hotter. Since the temperature is so hot specifically 15 billion degrees celsius, all the electrons are striped from the hydrogen atoms because the gravity inside the protostar is so strong that it fuses two elements together. This creates nuclear fusion, the ionized hydrogen atoms nuclei collide and join together creating heavier atoms, helium. The third stage is a main sequence star, the fusion from the protostar comes in hand within the main sequence star. The main sequence star has billions of individual fusion reactions that are release energy, some of this energy flows outward from the core emitting light. The gravity within and outside of the star is balanced. Clusters of stars are form from the nebula. The fourth stage is forming a red giant, the core begins to contract the outer shell of the star is mostly hydrogen begins to cool down and glow red. This happens because the fusion of heavier things through carbon.
ReplyDelete1). Score 7/10
Delete2) What they missed points on main sequence- continues up through carbon, red giant-fusion through iron, gravity wins, collapses and explodes.
3) This essay is very well written. There are some things you missed, but overall you got the concrete ideas of how stars create elements.
4) What I really enjoy about your essay would be how you were very specific. For example when you said, "Specifically 15 billion degrees celsius."
Elements all come from stars, whether it be diamonds, iron, carbon etc. They all come from stars. First, for a star to become a star, it must go through four stages: Nebula, Protostar, Main Sequence Star, and Red Giant. A Nebula star is a giant cloud of gas and space dust, building up gravity. A protostar is when gravity pushes together. Then leading into a Main Sequence Star, fusion is created, when gravity is SO STRONG. The Main Sequence Star leads into Red Giant, when fusion of heavier things occur, such as carbon. A Red Giant is a star mainly of carbon, and its a very large star. Supernovas, make the most of the heavy elements, such as iron. When elements come together, it depends on how many neutrons, and protons, it has. One proton, is the element named Hydrogen. If it has one proton, its already an element! But with another basic element, such as Helium, it only has two protons. After the Big Bang for a very long time, two hydrogen come together to create helium! Over the time of space, stars are made up of both hydrogen and helium, over time of course. Here is when it gets complicated, and very HOT! Fusion, heat and gravity are acted upon this time. In order for all of this to happen, there needs to be an extreme amount of heat. Gravity acts upon fusions, tending to get smaller, and when heat or fusion act upon gravity, thats when it gets very large, and hot, creating heavy elements, such as carbon. When heat is taking over, but gravity still has an extreme amount of force, protons and neutrons come together due to that force, creating the nuclei, with several amounts of neutrons and protons. Again, creating heavy elements.
ReplyDelete10/10 Stella you did so good! I didn't see anything wrong you had everything down on Mrs. Marrons list. I think you did everything right and I liked the way you wrote it out. Good job!
DeleteStars start out as a cloud of gas and dust, the Nebula. Contraction compresses materials together into a proto-star. A Proto-star is a very hot glowing that fusis things together . A Proto-star is not yet a star but the atoms that make up a star are moving very fast. After a Proto-star is created, threw nuclear fusion the not yet star turns into a star. Now called a Main Sequence Star which is at a stable state and the forces of a star are being balanced at this stage. Fusion of heavier things threw carbon transform the Main Sequence Star into a Red Giant.
ReplyDeleteI would give you a 2.5 because it is it is not complete. You stop at the red giant stage and don’t explain what happens during fusion. You don’t talk about he nuclei or about any element after carbon. Overall advice is to finish it next time. But you did good on the sequence of a star through were you stopped.
DeleteYeah I didn't get to finish.
DeleteEvery star begins as a nebula which is a colorful cloud of hydrogen and helium gas and space dust. Soon gravity pulls the hydrogen atoms together and the star begins to heat rapidly Creating a protostar. At this stage it begins to glow at 15 billion degrees celsius. Here nuclear energy is create and as more fusion occurs the star turns into a main sequence star. At this stage gravity and fusion are balanced. But as the stars fuel begins to dwindle fusion begins to win and the star starts to expand. This creates all of the elements through Carbon. The core of the star contracts, cools and then starts to glow red. Now there are only three paths the star can take. Depending on the mass of the star it will become either a White Dwarf, a Nova, or a Supernova. A MASSive star will become a Nova.A VERY MASSive star will become a supernova. These have massive amounts of gravity and fusion creates everything through iron. At this stage a big explosion happened because it can’t support the weight of it’s outer layer. This explosion is powerful enough that it creates every other element.
ReplyDelete2/10,nothing about red giants make atoms through iron, nothing about main sequence sequence stars making carbon, no example, Detailed about what you did put, good on nebulas.
DeleteStars all perform a strange process called fusion. Fusion is when gravity pushes two atoms together to the point that they combine making one atom and a massive explosion if two hydrogen atoms combine it will make 1 helium atom. This happens in main sequence stars until the atom carbon is reached. Then the star will become a red giant and make any element until lead. Next the large stars will explode into supernovas making all heavy elements.
ReplyDelete1. 5/10
Delete2. Did not explain fusion
Did not explain that # of protons changed
Did not explain red giant
Red giant fuses through iron not lead
Did not explain why supernova explodes
3. Needs more punctuation/capitalization
Needs more details
4. You got all the main points but just need more explanation
Stars have created the different elements by simply going through their life cycle. The star starts as a cloud of hydrogen gas that compacts due to gravity. As a result of the gravity, the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse together and form an helium atom. This part of a stars life cycle, the main sequence star, fuses elements up to iron. Some lower weight stars do not have enough gravity to fuse past carbon but most fuse to the element iron. When the stars fusion reaches iron, the iron does not make energy so the star heats and compacts due to gravity. This is called a red giant. The stars gravity eventually make the star implode on itself and this process creates all heavy elements. This explosion is called a supernova.
ReplyDeleteI would give you a 8/10 because your missing some small details. You leave out how a black hole is made. Overall I would say just make sure you get those key details in and double check that you got everything in. I likes that you made your paragraph flow and added good detail.
DeleteA stars life cycle starts out with a nebula, which are giant clouds of gas and space dust, the star begins to compress because of gravity. As gravity affects the nebula, the gas condenses and forms a protostar, the gravity is so strong it fuses two elements together. Billions of individual fusion reactions release energy, and some energy flows outward from the core as light, the forces within and without of the star are balanced. The star is now known as a main sequence star. The star spends most of its life in this stage. Fusion comes together to create heavier things. The star creates helium through nuclear fusion at this point , the core begins to contract, the outer shell of the star begins to expand cool and glow red. The star will increase in size and become a red giant.
ReplyDelete3/10 is what i would give you because the major big details about fusion are missing, why a red giant heats up, fusion through iron, there is nothing about gravity when it collapses and explodes, when the elements fuse, changes elements, and where the elements come from in the star sequence. You give very good advice on details with the star sequence! You have very nice details, and I am sure that if you had more time you would have gotten way more written down
DeleteStars have created the different elements from certain stages of a stars life. When being created inside of a nebula, the star starts off as gravity compressed dust and hydrogen. The star then becomes a protostar where the already compressed dust and hydrogen become heated up even more and gravity has compressed it more as well. Then to become a main sequence star, the gravity is so strong on the protostar that it fusions the two elements, hydrogen and helium together. The protostar heats up to 15 billion degrees and the nuclei get stripped of their electrons. So any of the heavy elements that are below the atomic number of carbon are from the sequence of a red giant. The supernovas when they explode, they leave all of the elements that are above iron.
ReplyDelete4/10
DeleteThe first topic that you missed was explaining the actual process of what fusion is. The next topic that you missed was explaining that the reason the element is changing is because the number of protons are changing. The next thing is explaining that hydrogen changes into helium. The next point that was missed was explaining the process of how a red giant was created. The last topic that you missed was talking about the fusion up to iron in a red giant. My advice to you would to be to look at the key vocab terms to add in your writing. The strongest aspect of your writing was all of the details that you added into your writing.
ReplyDeleteAll of the elements on our periodic table were created as a result of a star’s life cycle. 1 billion years after the big bang, gravity pulled together different particles which created atoms, thus creating elements. The simplest elements, hydrogen and helium, were created first because they have a low number of protons and it is very easy for fusion to occur. The nuclei of a hydrogen fused together with another hydrogen to create a helium. As time goes on and the star progresses into it’s prostar phase, heavier elements such as lithium and beryllium form. This is possible because the star acquires more gravity and is able to create more fusion. When the star reaches its main sequence stage even heavier elements are created like boron. When a star finally reaches its time as a red giant, gravity becomes greater and carbon is formed. In a red giant anything that is carbon or lighter can be created. When a star with a lot of mass dies it creates a supernova which has so much gravity that all heavy elements greater than iron are formed. This includes lead.
10/10 you really got all of the subjects in there and you explained everything really well! I really liked how you explained what elements are created in which stage. great job!
DeleteStars make different elements because it starts as a nebula. The nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas that gravity has pulled together. This gravity has pulled together so much that it causes a protostar to connect. It is not a star yet but is hot, beaming, and its atoms are moving very rapidly. The gravity continues to pull everything in closer. This causes fusion to occur and begin the main sequence star. This is the stage the star is in most of their life. Fusion starts to win over gravity and creates a red giant. The outer shell of a red giant is hydrogen and begins to cool, grow, and glow red. After this stage the star can take one of three paths. One is a low to average mass star. It starts as a white dwarf because the gravity has lost to fusion. This white dwarf is the core of the red giant. It is hot, but it is cooling off and fusion is starting to stop. When there is no more fusion the white dwarf cools and is essentially dead (black dwarf) Another path it can take is a massive star. This one starts as a nova because gravity wins enough to form iron. It is basically a large explosion. Then, there is so much gravity that it pushes protons and electrons together to make neutrons and creates a neutron star with a dense core and no space between particles. The last path it could go through is a very massive star. Gravity wins and fuses iron and creates a supernova. Then, gravity wins so much that it rips open a part of the universe and sucks everything in, creating a black hole. Clearly, all of these steps to a star create many types of elements because it shows how fusion is there through most of the life cycle and fuses atoms together to make heavier elements.
ReplyDelete1)Score :7/10
Delete2)What you missed points on:
-Honestly you didn't have to talk about the white dwarfs...but it is good to add ig.
-You didn't really give any detail about how the explosion happened or any information on the big bang. It would be good to add that.
3)Overall Advice: I think you did really well. You added a lot of detail and gave more detail than you should have but that is still proving that you know more what you are talking about.
4)Strongest Part: I think your strongest part in the "essay" would be your "topic sentence" because you gave a lot of new and good information on what you know and what you learned.
All elements on the periodic table were formed from stars because of nuclear fusion. Fusion is what happens when the nuclei of atoms join together to create a heavier element. Two Hydrogen atoms fuse together to create Helium, and two Helium atoms fuse together to create Carbon. Fusion creates a bigger amount of protons each time. This is how the first 20 elements were created, from Hydrogen to Iron. Heavier elements were created during supernovas. During a supernova, iron fuses in heavier elements, such as, gold, silver...etc. A star starts out as a Nebula, which is a cloud of dust, then it turns into a Protostar from the contraction of atoms; As nuclear fusion begins, the Protostar turns into a Main Sequence Star. A Main Sequence Star is the most stable stage in a star's life cycle. When fusion starts to win over gravity, the Main Sequence Star turns into a Red Giant, that is the stage where the core of the star begins to contract, and the outer shell starts to expand, cool and glow red. After this, a Supernova occurs because the nuclear fuel is not supported by the release of nuclear energy anymore and the iron can no longer hold the weight of the star's outer layer.
ReplyDeleteThe most interesting mystery to me was the Black Hole. I think it is so interesting because no body knows where the things go, how black holes were made, and where or how many their are.
ReplyDeleteThe most interesting mystery was the Grim Reaper because it talks about black whole. Also how they are created and how they dont understand were the matter or the light go's.
ReplyDeleteThe most interesting to me was the Grim Reaper. I thought that one was the most interesting because it's about black holes. Black holes are a big mystery and they really have no idea on what happens and stuff.
ReplyDelete